设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着交通出行的日益频繁，车辆驾驶安全愈发受到重视，尤其是老年车等特殊车辆的安全保障尤为关键。传统的驾驶安全依赖驾驶员自身警惕性，存在反应滞后、风险预判不足等问题，难以全面保障驾驶安全。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的车轮安全驾驶预警系统，整合了红外测速模块、超声波测距模块、心率血氧模块、MQ-7 一氧化碳传感器、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、酒精检测模块、一键报警按键、按键、OLED 显示屏及 4G 模块等，实现了车辆驾驶过程中的多维度安全监测与智能预警。系统核心功能包括：通过红外测速模块检测老年车速度；借助超声波测距模块测量车前障碍物距离，距离大于设定最大值时绿灯亮，在设定上下限值之间时黄灯亮且速度不为 0 则语音提醒 “危险，注意减速”，小于设定最小值时直接刹车；利用心率血氧模块检测驾驶员心率血氧，若数值超出设置范围则进行声光报警；通过 MQ-7 监测车内 CO 浓度，超过设定最大值时启动通风；通过 SGP30 监测车内 CO₂浓度，超过设定最大值时启动通风；当酒精检测模块检测到酒精浓度大于设定最大值时，自动锁车并通过 4G 模块向手机端发送短信提醒；车内一键报警按键可向家人求救；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；利用 4G 模块将数据远程发送到手机端，实现远程监测。
该系统的实现，有效提升了车辆驾驶的安全性与智能化水平，多维度监测驾驶风险并及时预警，为老年车等车辆的安全驾驶提供了可靠保障，同时为同类车辆安全预警设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；车轮安全；驾驶预警；传感器；智能监测；4G 通信
ABSTRACT
With the increasing frequency of transportation, vehicle driving safety has received more and more attention, especially the safety guarantee of special vehicles such as elderly cars is particularly critical. Traditional driving safety relies on the driver’s own vigilance, which has problems such as delayed response and insufficient risk prediction, making it difficult to fully ensure driving safety.
The wheel safety driving early warning system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates an infrared speed measurement module, an ultrasonic ranging module, a heart rate and blood oxygen module, an MQ-7 carbon monoxide sensor, an SGP30 carbon dioxide sensor, an alcohol detection module, a one-key alarm button, buttons, an OLED display, and a 4G module, etc., realizing multi-dimensional safety monitoring and intelligent early warning during vehicle driving. The core functions of the system include: detecting the speed of the elderly car through the infrared speed measurement module; measuring the distance of obstacles in front of the car with the ultrasonic ranging module. If the distance is greater than the set maximum value, the green light is on; if the distance is between the set upper and lower limits, the yellow light is on, and if the speed is not zero, the voice reminds “Dangerous, pay attention to deceleration”; if the distance is less than the set minimum value, it brakes directly; using the heart rate and blood oxygen module to detect the driver’s heart rate and blood oxygen, and if the heart rate or blood oxygen is higher or lower than the set value, an acousto-optic alarm is given; monitoring the CO in the car through MQ-7, and ventilating when the CO is greater than the set maximum value; monitoring the CO₂ in the car through SGP30, and ventilating when the CO₂ is greater than the set maximum value; when the alcohol detection module detects that the current user’s alcohol concentration is greater than the set maximum value, it automatically locks the car and sends a text message reminder to the mobile phone; there is a one-key alarm button in the car, which can call for help from family members; supporting the setting of various thresholds through buttons; displaying data through the OLED display; and remotely sending data to the mobile phone through the 4G module to realize remote monitoring.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the safety and intelligence level of vehicle driving, monitored driving risks in multiple dimensions and given timely warnings, provided a reliable guarantee for the safe driving of elderly cars and other vehicles, and also provided a reference for the research and development of similar vehicle safety early warning equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Wheel safety; Driving early warning; Sensor; Intelligent monitoring; 4G communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第 2 章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 红外测速模块选择
2.1.3 超声波测距模块选择
2.1.4 心率血氧模块选择
2.1.5 气体传感器选择
2.1.6 酒精检测模块选择
2.1.7 4G 模块选择
2.1.8 显示与按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外测速模块电路
3.3 超声波测距模块电路
3.4 心率血氧模块电路
3.5 气体传感器电路
3.6 酒精检测模块电路
3.7 4G 模块电路
3.8 显示与按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.9 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.10 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.11 4G模块联网子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外测速模块功能测试
5.3 超声波测距模块功能测试
5.4 心率血氧模块功能测试
5.5 气体传感器功能测试
5.6 酒精检测模块功能测试
5.7 4G 模块功能测试
5.8 显示与按键功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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