设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在日常出行中，雨伞作为应对天气变化的必备工具，其便捷性与智能化程度直接影响使用体验。传统雨伞依赖人工操作开关，常因未及时感知光照、雨量、温度等环境变化而导致使用不便，例如强光下忘开伞防晒、突遇降雨时来不及开伞等，难以满足人们对智能出行工具的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的自动伸缩雨伞，整合了光照检测模块、雨量检测模块、温度检测模块、OLED 显示屏、蓝牙模块、步进电机及按键等硬件，实现了雨伞的智能化自动伸缩控制。系统核心功能包括：通过光照检测模块监测光照强度，当低于设定最小值时，控制步进电机正转 180° 实现雨伞打开，反之关闭；借助雨量检测模块感知降雨，触发雨伞打开，雨停后自动关闭；利用温度检测模块，当检测温度超过最大值时自动开伞，否则关闭；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示光照、雨量、温度等检测数据及雨伞状态；支持按键设置各参数阈值、手动控制雨伞开关及切换控制模式；通过蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，实现手机端对阈值设置、模式切换及雨伞开关的远程控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了雨伞的智能化水平，减少了人工操作，能根据环境变化自动调整状态，为用户提供便捷、舒适的出行体验，同时为小型智能生活用品的研发提供了参考，具有一定的实用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；自动伸缩雨伞；环境检测；智能控制；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
In daily travel, umbrellas, as essential tools for coping with weather changes, their convenience and intelligence directly affect the user experience. Traditional umbrellas rely on manual operation to open and close, often causing inconvenience due to failure to timely perceive environmental changes such as light, rainfall, and temperature. For example, forgetting to open the umbrella for sun protection in strong light, or being unable to open it in time when encountering sudden rain, which is difficult to meet people’s needs for intelligent travel tools.
The automatic telescopic umbrella based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates hardware such as a light detection module, rain detection module, temperature detection module, OLED display, Bluetooth module, stepper motor, and buttons, realizing intelligent automatic telescopic control of the umbrella. The core functions of the system include: monitoring the light intensity of the current environment through the light detection module, and when the light is lower than the set minimum value, controlling the stepper motor to rotate 180° forward (simulating the opening of the umbrella), otherwise closing it; detecting rain through the rain detection module, controlling the umbrella to open, otherwise closing it; using the temperature detection module, when the detected temperature exceeds the maximum value, the umbrella automatically opens, otherwise closes; real-time display of detection data such as light, rain, temperature and umbrella status through the OLED display; supporting button setting of various parameter thresholds, manual control of umbrella switch and switching of control modes; transmitting data to the mobile phone through the Bluetooth module, enabling the mobile phone to set various thresholds, switch modes, and control the opening and closing of the umbrella.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the intelligence level of the umbrella, reduces manual operation, and can automatically adjust the state according to environmental changes, providing users with a convenient and comfortable travel experience. At the same time, it provides a reference for the research and development of small intelligent daily necessities, with certain practical value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; Automatic telescopic umbrella; Environmental detection; Intelligent control; Bluetooth communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 光照检测模块选择
2.1.3 雨量检测模块选择
2.1.4 温度检测模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 步进电机及驱动模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 光照检测模块电路
3.3 雨量检测模块电路
3.4 温度检测模块电路
3.5 步进电机驱动电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 光照检测模块功能测试
5.3 雨量检测模块功能测试
5.4 温度检测模块功能测试
5.5 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.6 按键与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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