设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着生活水平的提升和科技的进步，智能家居的便捷性与安全性日益受到人们重视。传统家居管理多依赖人工操作，存在安防可靠性低、环境调控不及时、能源浪费等问题，难以满足现代家庭对高效、智能生活的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能家居系统，整合了 AS608 指纹模块、DHT11 温湿度检测模块、MQ-135 空气质量检测模块、5516 光照检测模块、D203S 人体热释电感应模块、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、ESP8266WiFi 模块及执行设备（门锁、空调、加湿器、通风换气系统、灯具等），实现了家居环境的自动化监测、智能调控与安全管理。系统核心功能包括：通过 AS608 指纹模块控制门锁，指纹匹配正确则开门，5 秒后自动关闭，支持按键添加或删除指纹；借助 DHT11 检测室内温湿度，温度低于最小值时启动空调制热，高于最大值时启动空调制冷，湿度低于最小值时启动加湿器；利用 MQ-135 检测空气质量，超标时启动通风换气系统；通过 5516 检测光照值，结合 D203S 人体感应模块，有人且光照低于最小值时自动开灯；支持按键设置各参数阈值及手动控制各器件；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据及设备状态；利用 ESP8266WiFi 模块将数据发送至手机端，支持手机端设置阈值及远程控制各器件。
该系统的实现，有效提升了家居生活的智能化、安全性与舒适性，减少了人工干预，实现了资源的合理利用，为现代家庭提供了高效、便捷的智能家居解决方案，同时为同类智能家居设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能家居系统；传感器；智能调控；WiFi 通信；指纹识别
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of living standards and the advancement of technology, the convenience and safety of smart homes have increasingly attracted people’s attention. Traditional home management mostly relies on manual operations, which has problems such as low security reliability, untimely environmental regulation, and energy waste, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern families for an efficient and intelligent life.
The smart home system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates AS608 fingerprint module, DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, MQ-135 air quality detection module, 5516 light detection module, D203S human body pyroelectric induction module, 3 independent buttons, OLED display, ESP8266WiFi module and executive devices (door lock, air conditioner, humidifier, ventilation system, lamps, etc.), realizing automatic monitoring, intelligent regulation and safety management of the home environment. The core functions of the system include: controlling the door lock through the AS608 fingerprint module, opening the door when the fingerprint matches correctly, automatically closing after 5 seconds, and supporting adding or deleting fingerprints through buttons; detecting indoor temperature and humidity with DHT11, starting air conditioning heating when the temperature is below the minimum value, starting air conditioning cooling when it is above the maximum value, and starting the humidifier when the humidity is below the minimum value; using MQ-135 to detect air quality, and starting the ventilation system when it exceeds the standard; detecting light value through 5516, combined with D203S human body induction module, automatically turning on the light when there is a person and the light is below the minimum value; supporting setting various parameter thresholds and manually controlling each device through buttons; real-time display of various monitoring data and equipment status through the OLED display; sending data to the mobile phone through the ESP8266WiFi module, supporting the mobile phone to set thresholds and remotely control each device.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the intelligence, safety and comfort of home life, reduces manual intervention, realizes the rational use of resources, provides an efficient and convenient smart home solution for modern families, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar smart home equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Smart home system; Sensor; Intelligent regulation; WiFi communication; Fingerprint recognition
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 指纹识别模块选择
2.1.3 温湿度检测模块选择
2.1.4 空气质量检测模块选择
2.1.5 光照检测模块选择
2.1.6 人体感应模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 显示模块选择
2.1.9 WiFi 模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 指纹识别模块电路
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路
3.4 空气质量检测模块电路
3.5 光照检测模块电路
3.6 人体感应模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 WiFi 模块电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 指纹识别模块功能测试
5.3 温湿度检测模块功能测试
5.4 空气质量检测模块功能测试
5.5 光照检测与人体感应模块联合功能测试
5.6 WiFi 模块功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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