设计说明书
总字数：23000+
摘要
在各类环境管理场景中，环境参数的异常变化会对生态平衡、生产生活等造成不良影响，传统的环境监测方式多依赖人工巡检或单一功能设备，存在监测不及时、调控滞后、管理效率低等问题，难以满足精准化、智能化的环境管理需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的环境监测系统设计，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-135 有害气体传感器、DS1302 时钟模块、光照传感器、水位传感模块、按键模块、显示屏、语音识别模块、WIFI 模块及各类执行器件，实现了环境参数监测、自动调控、时间管理、手动与语音控制及远程交互等功能。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测温湿度，温度或湿度过高时自动通风；借助 MQ-135 检测有害气体，浓度超限时启动通风并进行声光报警；利用 DS1302 同步时间，可设定开灯时间区；通过光照传感器检测光照，若光照低于设置最小值且在开灯时间区内则进行补光；通过水位传感模块监测饮水情况，水位低于阈值时驱动水泵补水；支持通过按键修正时间、设置各阈值及手动控制器件；显示屏实时展示测量数据；可通过语音识别模块控制各器件；经由 WIFI 模块将数据发送至手机端，手机端也能设置阈值和控制器件。
该系统的实现，有效提升了环境监测与调控的自动化、智能化水平，通过多参数监测、自动响应、多元控制及远程交互，为环境管理提供了高效、精准的解决方案，同时为智能环境设备的研发提供了技术参考，具有较高的实用价值与推广意义。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；环境监测系统；多参数监测；智能调控；远程交互
ABSTRACT
In various environmental management scenarios, abnormal changes in environmental parameters can have adverse effects on ecological balance, production and daily life. Traditional environmental monitoring methods mostly rely on manual inspections or single-function equipment, which have problems such as untimely monitoring, delayed regulation, and low management efficiency, making it difficult to meet the needs of precise and intelligent environmental management.
The design of the environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ-135 harmful gas sensor, DS1302 clock module, light sensor, water level sensing module, key module, display screen, voice recognition module, WIFI module and various executive devices, realizing functions such as environmental parameter monitoring, automatic regulation, time management, manual and voice control, and remote interaction. The core functions of the system include: detecting temperature and humidity through DHT11, and automatically ventilating when the temperature or humidity is too high; detecting harmful gases with MQ-135, and starting ventilation and giving sound and light alarms when the concentration exceeds the limit; synchronizing time with DS1302, which can set the lighting time zone; detecting light through the light sensor, and supplementing light if the light is lower than the set minimum value and within the lighting time zone; monitoring drinking water through the water level sensing module, and driving the water pump to replenish water when the water level is lower than the threshold; supporting time correction, setting various thresholds and manually controlling devices through keys; the display screen shows real-time measurement data; each device can be controlled through the voice recognition module; the measurement data is sent to the mobile phone through the WIFI module, and the mobile phone can also set thresholds and control each device.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the automation and intelligence level of environmental monitoring and regulation. Through multi-parameter monitoring, automatic response, multi-control and remote interaction, it provides an efficient and precise solution for environmental management, and also provides a technical reference for the research and development of intelligent environmental equipment, which has high practical value and promotion significance.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; environment monitoring system; multi-parameter monitoring; intelligent regulation; remote interaction
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 有害气体传感器选择
2.1.4 时钟模块选择
2.1.5 光照传感器选择
2.1.6 水位传感模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 语音识别模块选择
2.1.9 WIFI 模块选择
2.1.10 声光报警模块选择
2.1.11 继电器模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度检测电路
3.3 有害气体检测电路
3.4 光照检测电路
3.5 水位检测电路
3.6 时钟模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 声光报警电路
3.10 继电器电路
3.11 语音识别模块电路
3.12 WIFI 模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 语言识别模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度检测与通风控制功能测试
5.3 有害气体检测、报警与通风联动功能测试
5.4 光照检测、时间控制与补光功能测试
5.5 水位检测与补水控制功能测试
5.6 显示与按键操作功能测试
5.7 语音识别控制功能测试
5.8 WIFI 通信功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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