设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量的增长和出行需求的提升，车内环境质量对驾乘人员的健康与安全影响愈发显著。车内 CO₂浓度过高易导致头晕乏力，温湿度异常会降低舒适性，酒精残留则可能引发安全隐患，这些问题若不能及时监测和干预，将对驾乘体验与行车安全构成威胁。因此，研发一种能实时监测车内环境参数并实现智能调控的物联网系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网车内环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 SGP30 模块检测车内 CO₂浓度，当浓度超过预设最大值时触发声光报警并自动开启风扇；借助 DHT11 模块监测温湿度，温度或湿度大于最大值时自动启动风扇调节；通过 MQ-3 酒精检测模块感知酒精浓度，浓度超标时立即控制车辆停止运行；OLED 显示屏实时显示 CO₂、温湿度、酒精浓度等数据；通过按键可设置各项参数的最大值，以及控制车辆启停和风扇开关；依托 ESP8266-WiFi 模块将监测数据上传至手机端，支持远程设置参数及控制风扇和车辆启停状态。
该物联网车内环境监测系统的作用在于构建了 “实时监测 – 智能响应 – 远程交互” 的车内环境管理体系。通过多参数协同监测与自动调控，保障车内环境健康舒适；酒精超标强制停车功能提升行车安全性；物联网功能实现远程掌控，增强使用便捷性。为驾乘人员提供了全方位的车内环境安全保障，助力提升出行体验与行车安全。
关键词：STM32；物联网；车内环境监测；多参数检测；智能调控
IoT in car environment monitoring system based on STM32
Abstract
With the growth of car ownership and the increase in travel demand, the impact of in car environmental quality on the health and safety of drivers and passengers is becoming increasingly significant. Excessive concentration of CO ₂ in the car can lead to dizziness and fatigue, abnormal temperature and humidity can reduce comfort, and residual alcohol may pose safety hazards. If these issues are not monitored and intervened in a timely manner, they will pose a threat to the driving experience and safety. Therefore, developing an IoT system that can monitor real-time environmental parameters inside the vehicle and achieve intelligent regulation is of great practical significance.
This design proposes an IoT in car environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the concentration of CO ₂ inside the vehicle through the SGP30 module, triggering an audible and visual alarm and automatically turning on the fan when the concentration exceeds the preset maximum value; By using the DHT11 module to monitor temperature and humidity, the fan will automatically start to adjust when the temperature or humidity exceeds the maximum value; Sensing alcohol concentration through MQ-3 alcohol detection module, and immediately controlling the vehicle to stop running when the concentration exceeds the standard; OLED display screen displays real-time data such as CO ₂, temperature and humidity, alcohol concentration, etc; By pressing the buttons, the maximum values of various parameters can be set, as well as controlling the vehicle’s start stop and fan switch; Based on the ESP8266 WiFi module, monitoring data is uploaded to the mobile phone, supporting remote parameter setting and control of fan and vehicle start stop status.
The role of the IoT in car environment monitoring system is to build a “real-time monitoring intelligent response remote interaction” in car environment management system. Through multi parameter collaborative monitoring and automatic regulation, ensure a healthy and comfortable in car environment; The mandatory parking function for excessive alcohol consumption enhances driving safety; The Internet of Things enables remote control and enhances user convenience. Providing comprehensive in car environmental safety protection for drivers and passengers, helping to enhance travel experience and driving safety.
Keywords： STM32; Internet of Things; Vehicle interior environment monitoring; Multi parameter detection; Intelligent regulation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 二氧化碳检测模块电路设计
3.4 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.5 酒精检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.8 SGP30模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 自动控制功能测试
5.4 按键交互功能测试
5.5 物联网远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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