设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着生活品质的提升和家务自动化需求的增长，洗衣机作为家庭必备电器，其智能化与便捷性成为用户关注的重点。传统洗衣机功能单一、操作繁琐，难以满足不同衣物材质的洗涤需求，且缺乏安全防护与状态提示功能，影响用户体验与使用安全性。因此，研发一款功能丰富、操作简便且具备安全监测的智能洗衣机具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能洗衣机系统，通过软硬件协同实现多样化洗涤控制与安全监测功能。系统核心功能包括：通过模式按键选择标准、强洗、快洗、脱水四种洗涤模式，不同模式对应差异化洗涤时长；通过水量按键设定 18L、32L、46L、62L 四档水位，结合液位开关实现精准水位控制；借助启动 / 暂停按键操控运行状态，通过 KY-003 霍尔传感器检测机盖状态，开盖时自动暂停运行；脱水阶段开盖触发蜂鸣器报警提醒并暂停；洗衣全程通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时展示水位、当前步骤及剩余时间；采用继电器模拟进水排水动作，MX1508 驱动直流电机模拟洗涤过程，洗衣结束后通过声光报警提示完成。
该智能洗衣机的应用价值在于，为用户提供了个性化、安全化的洗涤解决方案。通过多样化模式与水位调节适配不同洗涤需求，实时状态显示与安全监测功能提升了操作便捷性与使用安全性，声光报警机制确保用户及时掌握洗衣进度。整体设计操作简单、响应迅速，为家庭日常洗衣场景提供了高效可靠的自动化解决方案。
关键词：单片机；智能洗衣机；模式控制；水位监测；安全防护
Intelligent washing machine based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and the increasing demand for household automation, washing machines, as essential household appliances, have become a focus of user attention for their intelligence and convenience. Traditional washing machines have a single function and are cumbersome to operate, making it difficult to meet the washing needs of different clothing materials. They also lack safety protection and status prompt functions, which affect user experience and safety. Therefore, developing an intelligent washing machine with rich functions, easy operation, and safety monitoring is of great practical significance.
This design proposes an intelligent washing machine system based on STC89C52 microcontroller, which achieves diversified washing control and safety monitoring functions through software and hardware collaboration. The core functions of the system include: selecting four washing modes through the mode button: standard, strong wash, fast wash, and dehydration, with different washing durations corresponding to different modes; Set four water levels of 18L, 32L, 46L, and 62L through the water level button, and combine with the liquid level switch to achieve precise water level control; By using the start/pause button to control the operating status, the KY-003 Hall sensor detects the status of the hood and automatically pauses the operation when the hood is opened; During the dehydration stage, opening the lid triggers a buzzer alarm reminder and pauses; The entire laundry process is displayed in real-time on the LCD1602 screen, showing the water level, current steps, and remaining time; Using relays to simulate water inlet and outlet actions, MX1508 drives a DC motor to simulate the washing process, and completes the washing process through sound and light alarm prompts.
The application value of this intelligent washing machine lies in providing users with personalized and safe washing solutions. By adapting to different washing needs through diversified modes and water level regulation, real-time status display and safety monitoring functions have improved operational convenience and safety. The sound and light alarm mechanism ensures that users can keep track of the washing progress in a timely manner. The overall design is simple to operate and responsive, providing an efficient and reliable automation solution for daily laundry scenarios in households.
Keywords： microcontroller; Intelligent washing machine; Mode control; Water level monitoring; safety protection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要功能模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 模式与水位控制电路设计
3.4 水位检测电路设计
3.5 安全防护电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 继电器控制电路设计
3.8 直流电机驱动电路设计
3.9 声光报警电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真绘制
5.2 模式选择功能仿真测试
5.3 水位控制功能仿真测试
5.4 启停与安全防护功能仿真测试
5.5 继电器与电机驱动功能仿真测试
5.6 显示功能仿真测试
5.7 报警功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 模式选择功能测试
6.3 水位控制功能测试
6.4 启停与安全防护功能测试
6.5 继电器与电机驱动功能测试
6.6 显示功能测试
6.7 报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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