设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着生活品质的提升和智能家居理念的普及，洗衣机的智能化、个性化需求日益凸显。传统洗衣机存在功能单一、水位与时长控制粗放、缺乏精准感知与自适应调节能力等问题，难以满足不同衣物类型、污渍程度的清洗需求。因此，研发一款具备环境感知、模式自适应及智能交互功能的洗衣机十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能洗衣机系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度检测模块实时监测水温，结合继电器实现加热控制；借助 HX711 压力传感器检测衣物重量，为水量调节提供依据；利用 Molsture 水位传感器精准感知水位，确保水量适配；通过独立按键与 SU-03T 语音模块实现清洗模式切换与语音控制，支持大物件清洗、浸泡洗、智能洗、桶自洁及高温煮洗五种模式；OLED 显示屏实时展示水温、水位、衣物重量及当前工作模式；通过 SG90 舵机模拟放水阀控制，MX1508 驱动直流电机模拟洗涤转动，双继电器分别控制加热与吹风功能；洗衣结束后触发声光报警提醒。
该智能洗衣机的作用在于，通过多传感器融合感知与智能控制逻辑，实现洗涤过程的精准化与个性化。既能根据衣物重量、水位自动适配清洗参数，又能通过多样化模式满足不同场景需求，同时借助语音交互与状态显示提升操作便捷性，为用户提供高效、节能、智能的洗衣体验，助力智能家居生活品质提升。
关键词：单片机；智能洗衣机；传感器感知；模式控制；语音交互
Design of Intelligent Washing Machine Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the improvement of quality of life and the popularization of smart home concepts, the demand for intelligent and personalized washing machines is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional washing machines have problems such as single functionality, extensive control of water level and duration, lack of precise sensing and adaptive adjustment capabilities, and are difficult to meet the cleaning needs of different types of clothing and stain levels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a washing machine with environmental perception, mode adaptation, and intelligent interaction functions.
This design proposes an intelligent washing machine system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of water temperature through DS18B20 temperature detection module, combined with relay to achieve heating control; Using the HX711 pressure sensor to detect the weight of clothing and provide a basis for adjusting water volume; Utilizing Molsture water level sensors to accurately sense water levels and ensure water volume adaptation; Through independent buttons and SU-03T voice module, cleaning mode switching and voice control are achieved, supporting five modes: large object cleaning, soaking cleaning, intelligent cleaning, bucket self-cleaning, and high-temperature boiling cleaning; OLED display screen displays real-time water temperature, water level, clothing weight, and current working mode; Simulate water discharge valve control through SG90 servo motor, MX1508 drives DC motor to simulate washing rotation, and dual relays control heating and blowing functions respectively; Trigger sound and light alarm reminder after laundry is completed.
The function of this intelligent washing machine is to achieve precision and personalization of the washing process through multi-sensor fusion perception and intelligent control logic. It can automatically adapt cleaning parameters based on clothing weight and water level, and meet different scene needs through diversified modes. At the same time, it improves operational convenience through voice interaction and status display, providing users with an efficient, energy-saving, and intelligent laundry experience, and helping to improve the quality of smart home life.
Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent washing machine; Sensor perception; Mode control; voice interaction
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 重量检测模块电路设计
3.5 水位传感器模块电路设计
3.6 交互输入模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 舵机模块电路设计
3.9 继电器模块电路设计
3.10 直流电机驱动模块电路设计
3.11 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主程序流程设计
4.3 按键函数流程设计
4.4 监测函数流程设计
4.5 处理函数流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 传感器检测功能测试
5.3 交互控制功能测试
5.4 执行机构功能测试
5.5 模式运行与报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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