设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
液化气站作为易燃易爆危险场所，其安全运行直接关系到周边环境与人员安全。风速异常、温度过高、可燃气体泄漏、火灾隐患及无关人员靠近等风险若不能及时监测和预警，可能引发爆炸、火灾等严重安全事故。因此，研发一种能全面监测各类安全隐患并及时预警的系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的液化气站安全防护监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过三杯式旋转风杯风速传感器检测风速值，当风速大于最大值时触发声光报警，并通过 4G 模块发送 “风速过大” 预警信息；借助 DS18B20 温度传感器测量环境温度，温度超过设置最大值时启动声光报警，同时通过 4G 发送温度异常警示；利用 MQ-5 传感器检测可燃气体浓度，浓度超标时触发声光报警，结合 GPS 获取位置信息，通过 4G 发送 “可燃气体值异常” 及具体位置；通过 YS-17 火焰传感器监测火灾情况，发生火灾时启动声光报警，通过 4G 发送位置信息与 “发生火灾” 警报；通过 D203S 人体热释电感应模块检测人员或动物靠近，触发声光报警并通过 4G 发送 “请注意，有异物靠近设备” 提醒；支持通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项测量数据；通过 4G 模块实现各类报警信息的短信发送功能。
该液化气站安全防护监测系统的作用在于，构建了全方位的安全监测与预警体系。通过实时监测多类安全风险并联动声光报警与远程通信，能够帮助管理人员及时掌握站内安全状况，快速响应隐患，有效降低事故发生概率，为液化气站的安全运行提供可靠保障。
关键词：单片机；液化气站；安全监测；声光报警；远程预警
Design of Safety Protection Monitoring System for Liquefied Gas Station Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
As a flammable and explosive hazardous area, the safe operation of liquefied gas stations is directly related to the surrounding environment and personnel safety. If risks such as abnormal wind speed, high temperature, combustible gas leakage, fire hazards, and unrelated personnel approaching cannot be monitored and warned in a timely manner, it may lead to serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires. Therefore, developing a system that can comprehensively monitor various safety hazards and provide timely warnings is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a liquefied gas station safety protection monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting wind speed values through a three cup rotating wind cup wind speed sensor, triggering sound and light alarms when the wind speed is greater than the maximum value, and sending “excessive wind speed” warning information through a 4G module; Using DS18B20 temperature sensor to measure the ambient temperature, when the temperature exceeds the set maximum value, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered, and a temperature abnormality warning will be sent through 4G; Using MQ-5 sensors to detect the concentration of combustible gases, triggering sound and light alarms when the concentration exceeds the standard. Combined with GPS to obtain location information, sending “abnormal combustible gas value” and specific location through 4G; Monitor fire situation through YS-17 flame sensor, activate sound and light alarm in case of fire, send location information and “fire” alarm through 4G; Detect the approach of personnel or animals through the D203S human pyroelectric induction module, trigger sound and light alarms, and send a reminder via 4G saying “Please be aware, there are foreign objects approaching the equipment”; Support setting various parameter thresholds through buttons; Real time display of various measurement data through OLED display screen; Implement SMS sending function for various alarm information through 4G module.
The role of the liquefied gas station safety protection monitoring system is to establish a comprehensive safety monitoring and early warning system. By monitoring multiple types of safety risks in real-time and linking sound and light alarms with remote communication, it can help management personnel timely grasp the safety status of the station, respond quickly to hidden dangers, effectively reduce the probability of accidents, and provide reliable guarantees for the safe operation of liquefied gas stations.
Keywords：microcontroller; Liquefied gas station; Safety monitoring; Sound and light alarm; DEW
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 风速检测模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 可燃气体检测模块电路设计
3.6 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.7 人体感应模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 4G 模块电路设计
3.12 GPS 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 发送短信子流程设计
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真电路绘制
5.2 风速监测及联动预警仿真测试
5.3 温度监测及联动预警仿真测试
5.4 可燃气体监测及联动预警仿真测试
5.5 火焰监测及联动预警仿真测试
5.6 人体感应监测及联动预警仿真测试
5.7 按键交互及参数设置仿真测试
5.8 数据显示功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 风速监测及联动预警功能测试
6.3 温度监测及联动预警功能测试
6.4 可燃气体监测及联动预警功能测试
6.5 火焰监测及联动预警功能测试
6.6 人体感应监测及联动预警功能测试
6.7 按键交互及参数设置功能测试
6.8 数据显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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