设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
在体育馆运营过程中，实时准确的人流量监测是保障场馆安全、提升管理效率的重要环节。传统人工计数方式效率低下、误差大，难以应对高峰时段的人流管理需求；现有部分监测系统功能单一，缺乏灵活的阈值调整和远程监控能力，无法满足智能化管理要求。因此，研发一种集成自动计数、异常报警、状态显示及远程监控功能的物联网人流量监测系统具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的体育馆人流量监测系统。系统通过入口红外避障检测传感器与 RFID-RC522 刷卡模块协同工作，当二者同时检测到信号时完成入场人数加一；出口处采用相同逻辑，同步实现出场人数减一；当统计人数超过设定阈值（阈值可通过手机 APP 调整）时，蜂鸣器立即发出报警提醒；OLED 显示屏实时显示当前人数及报警最大人数值，直观呈现场馆人流状态；场馆内设置实时摄像头，用于远程查看场馆动态；ESP8266-WiFi 模块将实时人数数据传输至手机端，APP 支持人数查看与阈值设置功能。
该系统的作用在于，为体育馆人流管理提供了智能化解决方案。通过自动精准计数、异常及时报警、状态可视化及远程交互，有效提升了场馆运营的安全性与管理效率，为观众提供更舒适的活动环境，同时降低了人工管理成本。
关键词：物联网；人流量监测；STM32；红外检测；WiFi 传输
Design of a Sports Center Pedestrian Flow Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things
Abstract
Real time and accurate monitoring of crowd flow is an important link in ensuring venue safety and improving management efficiency during the operation of sports venues. The traditional manual counting method has low efficiency and large errors, making it difficult to meet the demand for crowd management during peak hours; Some existing monitoring systems have single functions and lack flexible threshold adjustment and remote monitoring capabilities, which cannot meet the requirements of intelligent management. Therefore, developing an IoT pedestrian flow monitoring system that integrates automatic counting, abnormal alarm, status display, and remote monitoring functions has important practical value.
This design proposes a sports hall pedestrian flow monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system works in conjunction with the RFID-RC522 card swiping module through the entrance infrared obstacle avoidance detection sensor. When both detect signals simultaneously, the number of people entering the venue is increased by one; The same logic is used at the exit to synchronously reduce the number of attendees by one; When the number of people counted exceeds the set threshold (which can be adjusted through the mobile app), the buzzer will immediately sound an alarm reminder; The OLED display screen displays the current number of people and the maximum alarm number in real time, visually presenting the crowd flow status of the venue; Real time cameras are installed inside the venue to remotely view the venue’s dynamics; The ESP8266 WiFi module transmits real-time headcount data to the mobile phone, and the app supports headcount viewing and threshold setting functions.
The function of this system is to provide an intelligent solution for crowd management in sports venues. Through automatic precise counting, timely alarm for abnormalities, status visualization, and remote interaction, the safety and management efficiency of venue operations have been effectively improved, providing a more comfortable activity environment for audiences while reducing manual management costs.
Keywords： Internet of Things; Pedestrian flow monitoring; STM32； Infrared detection; WiFi transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障检测模块电路设计
3.4 RFID-RC522 刷卡模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 ESP8266-WiFi 模块电路设计
3.8 实时摄像头模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示流程设计
4.4 RFID模块子流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人流计数功能测试
5.3 声光报警功能测试
5.4 显示功能测试
5.5 无线通信与远程控制功能测试
5.6 实时监控功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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