设计说明书
总字数：12000+
摘要
在电池充电过程中，温度过高、电压电流异常等问题不仅会影响电池寿命，还可能引发安全隐患，因此对充电过程进行精准监测与智能控制至关重要。传统充电器功能单一，缺乏有效的安全保护和参数监测机制，难以满足电池安全充电的需求。研发一种具备温度保护、参数监测和便捷控制功能的智能充电器具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能充电器。系统通过 DS18B20 温度传感器检测电池充电环境的温度，当温度超过设定最大值时，立即触发声光报警并通过继电器关闭充电，保障充电安全；借助 INA219 电压电流检测模块实时监测电池充电过程中的电压、电流及电量状态；用户可通过按键设置温度阈值，以及手动启动或关闭充电功能；LCD1602 显示模块清晰展示实时电压、电流、电量及温度数据，让用户直观掌握充电状态。
该智能充电器的作用在于，为电池充电提供了安全、智能的解决方案。通过温度异常保护、全面参数监测和灵活控制功能，有效避免了充电过程中的安全风险，延长了电池使用寿命，提升了充电过程的可控性与便捷性。
关键词：单片机；智能充电器；温度保护；电压电流检测；充电控制
Abstract
During the battery charging process, issues such as high temperature and abnormal voltage and current not only affect battery life, but may also pose safety hazards. Therefore, precise monitoring and intelligent control of the charging process are crucial. Traditional chargers have a single function and lack effective safety protection and parameter monitoring mechanisms, making it difficult to meet the needs of safe battery charging. Developing an intelligent charger with temperature protection, parameter monitoring, and convenient control functions has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent charger based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The system detects the temperature of the battery charging environment through the DS18B20 temperature sensor. When the temperature exceeds the set maximum value, an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered and the charging is turned off through a relay to ensure charging safety; Real time monitoring of voltage, current, and battery status during the charging process using the INA219 voltage and current detection module; Users can set temperature thresholds and manually activate or deactivate charging functions through buttons; The LCD1602 display module clearly displays real-time voltage, current, battery level, and temperature data, allowing users to intuitively grasp the charging status.
The function of this intelligent charger is to provide a safe and intelligent solution for battery charging. Through temperature anomaly protection, comprehensive parameter monitoring, and flexible control functions, safety risks during the charging process are effectively avoided, the battery life is extended, and the controllability and convenience of the charging process are improved.
Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent charger; Temperature protection; Voltage and current detection; charging control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 电压电流检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 继电器模块电路设计
3.9 指示灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.5 电压电流模块子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度检测及保护功能测试
5.3 电压电流及电量检测功能测试
5.4 按键控制功能测试
5.5 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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