设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
山区生态环境作为生态系统的重要组成部分，其温湿度、光照强度等环境因子的稳定与否，直接影响植被生长、生物多样性及生态平衡。近年来，受气候变化与人类活动影响，山区生态环境波动加剧，而传统监测方式多依赖人工巡检，存在监测周期长、覆盖范围有限、数据反馈滞后等问题，难以实时掌握环境动态变化，给山区生态保护与灾害预警带来挑战。因此，研发一种能实时、精准、远程监测山区生态环境多维参数的系统，对山区生态保护、资源合理利用及灾害预防具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能化山区生态环境多维感知系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 温度监测模块实时采集山区环境中的温度与湿度数据；借助 5516 光照检测模块获取当前环境的光照强度信息；用户可通过按键设置温湿度的上下阈值及光照强度的上限阈值，实现个性化监测标准定制；当监测到温湿度超出设定范围或光照强度超过阈值时，系统立即启动声光报警模块，发出警示信号；通过 OLED 液晶显示屏直观展示实时监测的温湿度、光照强度数据及设备工作状态；同时，系统通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块将监测数据传输至阿里云平台，再由平台下发至用户手机端，实现远程数据查看，若出现环境参数异常，手机端同步显示异常信息，方便用户及时知晓并采取应对措施。
该智能化山区生态环境多维感知系统的应用，为山区生态环境监测提供了高效、便捷的解决方案。通过实时监测与远程数据传输，打破了传统监测的时空限制，让工作人员无需现场巡检即可掌握山区环境动态；声光报警与手机端异常提示功能，能帮助用户快速响应环境异常，为山区植被保护、病虫害防治、干旱预警等工作提供及时的数据支撑，有效提升山区生态环境管理的科学性与时效性，助力山区生态可持续发展。
关键词：山区生态环境；多维感知；STM32F103C8T6；ESP8266-12F；远程监测
Design of Multi dimensional Perception System for Intelligent Mountainous Ecological Environment
Abstract
As an important component of the ecosystem, the stability of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity in mountainous areas directly affects vegetation growth, biodiversity, and ecological balance. In recent years, due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment in mountainous areas has intensified. Traditional monitoring methods rely heavily on manual inspections, which have problems such as long monitoring cycles, limited coverage, and lagging data feedback. It is difficult to grasp the dynamic changes in the environment in real time, posing challenges to ecological protection and disaster warning in mountainous areas. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor multidimensional parameters of the ecological environment in mountainous areas in real-time, accurately, and remotely is of great significance for ecological protection, rational utilization of resources, and disaster prevention in mountainous areas.
This design proposes an intelligent multi-dimensional perception system for mountainous ecological environment based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time collection of temperature and humidity data in mountainous environments through the DHT11 temperature monitoring module; Using the 5516 lighting detection module to obtain the current environmental lighting intensity information; Users can set the upper and lower thresholds for temperature and humidity, as well as the upper threshold for light intensity, through buttons to achieve personalized monitoring standard customization; When the temperature and humidity exceed the set range or the light intensity exceeds the threshold, the system immediately starts the sound and light alarm module and sends out a warning signal; Visually display real-time monitoring temperature, humidity, light intensity data, and equipment working status through OLED LCD display screen; At the same time, the system transmits monitoring data to the Alibaba Cloud platform through the ESP8266-12F WiFi module, and then the platform distributes it to the user’s mobile phone for remote data viewing. If there are abnormal environmental parameters, the mobile phone synchronously displays abnormal information, making it convenient for users to know and take corresponding measures in a timely manner.
The application of this intelligent multi-dimensional perception system for mountainous ecological environment provides an efficient and convenient solution for monitoring the ecological environment in mountainous areas. Through real-time monitoring and remote data transmission, the traditional time and space limitations of monitoring have been broken, allowing staff to grasp the dynamic environment of mountainous areas without the need for on-site inspections; The sound and light alarm and mobile abnormal prompt function can help users quickly respond to environmental abnormalities, provide timely data support for vegetation protection, pest control, drought warning and other work in mountainous areas, effectively improve the scientific and timely management of ecological environment in mountainous areas, and assist in the sustainable development of ecological environment in mountainous areas.
Keywords：mountainous ecological environment; Multidimensional perception; STM32F103C8T6； ESP8266-12F； Remote Monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度监测模块电路设计
3.4 光照监测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.5 独立按键子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度、光照监测及 OLED 显示测试
5.3 阈值设置功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 WiFi 传输与手机端提醒测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序