设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着城市汽车保有量的快速增长，停车场车位紧张、车辆找位困难、收费管理效率低等问题日益突出。传统停车场依赖人工引导车位与收费，不仅耗费人力成本，还易出现车位统计不准、车辆拥堵、费用计算误差等情况，影响车主停车体验与停车场运营效率。因此，研发一种能自动检测车位、引导车辆停放、精准计时收费的智能车位引导系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的停车场车位引导系统。系统主要功能包括：通过入口 E18-D80NK 光电传感器检测车辆驶入，若停车场有剩余车位，控制 SG90 舵机模拟抬杆，OLED 显示屏最后一行显示 “欢迎光临”，若车位已满则不抬杆并显示 “车位已满”；通过 4 个红外避障模块检测各车位占用状态，有车时对应红色 LED 亮起，无车时绿色 LED 亮起，车辆驶入后无车车位的绿色 LED 闪烁以实现引导；车辆停入车位后系统自动计时收费（不足 1 小时按 1 小时 5 元计算，超 1 小时每小时加收 3 元，50 元封顶），费用标准可通过按键设置；通过出口 E18-D80NK 光电传感器检测车辆驶出意愿，按下对应按键模拟缴费成功后，出口舵机抬杆，检测到车辆驶出后自动落杆；OLED 显示屏支持三个界面切换（按键 2、3 控制），分别显示 “停车导航系统 + 占用 / 剩余车位”“各车位费用”“停车场总收入”。
该停车场车位引导系统为停车场管理提供了智能化解决方案，通过自动车位检测、引导与收费，减少人工干预，提升车位利用率与通行效率，同时精准的费用计算保障停车场收益与车主权益，优化停车体验，助力停车场高效运营。
关键词：单片机；停车场车位引导；车位检测；计时收
Parking Lot Parking Space Guidance Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the rapid growth of urban car ownership, problems such as tight parking spaces in parking lots, difficulty in finding parking spaces, and low efficiency in toll management have become increasingly prominent. Traditional parking lots rely on manual guidance of parking spaces and fees, which not only consumes labor costs, but also easily leads to inaccurate parking space statistics, vehicle congestion, and cost calculation errors, affecting the parking experience of car owners and the efficiency of parking lot operations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent parking guidance system that can automatically detect parking spaces, guide vehicles to park, and accurately time and charge fees.
This design proposes a parking lot parking space guidance system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the entry of vehicles through the E18-D80NK photoelectric sensor at the entrance. If there are remaining parking spaces in the parking lot, controlling the SG90 servo to simulate lifting the pole. The last line of the OLED display screen shows “Welcome”. If the parking space is full, the pole will not be lifted and “Parking Space Full” will be displayed; By using four infrared obstacle avoidance modules to detect the occupancy status of each parking space, the corresponding red LED lights up when there is a car, and the green LED lights up when there is no car. After the vehicle enters, the green LED of the empty parking space flashes to provide guidance; After the vehicle is parked in the parking space, the system automatically charges a timed fee (less than 1 hour will be charged 5 yuan per hour, and more than 1 hour will be charged 3 yuan per hour, with a maximum of 50 yuan). The fee standard can be set through buttons; By using the E18-D80NK photoelectric sensor for export, the vehicle’s intention to exit is detected. After pressing the corresponding button to simulate successful payment, the export servo lifts the lever and automatically lowers it upon detecting the vehicle’s exit; The OLED display screen supports three interface switches (controlled by buttons 2 and 3), displaying “parking navigation system+occupied/remaining parking spaces”, “fees for each parking space”, and “total parking revenue” respectively.
The parking guidance system of this parking lot provides an intelligent solution for parking lot management. Through automatic parking space detection, guidance, and charging, it reduces manual intervention, improves parking space utilization and traffic efficiency, and accurately calculates fees to ensure parking lot revenue and car owner rights, optimize parking experience, and assist in efficient operation of parking lots.
Keywords：microcontroller; Parking lot parking guidance; Parking space detection; Timed collection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 E18-D80NK 光电传感器模块电路设计
3.4 红外避障模块电路设计
3.5 SG90 舵机模块电路设计
3.6 车位状态 LED 指示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 OLED 显示模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 舵机模块子流通
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 入口车辆检测与抬杆功能测试
5.3 车位引导与状态指示功能测试
5.4 计时收费与费用设置功能测试
5.5 出口车辆检测与缴费抬杆功能测试
5.6 OLED 界面切换功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序