设计说明书
总字数：23000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量激增与用车场景多样化，儿童或乘客被误锁车内引发的窒息事故频发，高温、缺氧、有害气体积聚成为主要致死因素。此类事故多因驾驶员疏忽导致，传统车辆缺乏实时监测与主动干预机制，待发现时往往已错过最佳救援时机，对生命安全构成严重威胁。因此，研发一套具备车内人员识别、多参数监测、自动报警与主动救援功能的车载防窒息系统，对防范此类安全事故、保障驾乘人员生命安全具有迫切的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的车载防窒息系统。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障管检测驾驶员是否离开，结合按键触发的继电器锁车信号，启动车内数据监测模式；借助 DS18B20 温度传感器、SGP30 CO₂传感器、MQ-135 有害气体传感器、JXM-O2 氧气传感器，分别实时采集车内温度、CO₂浓度、有害气体浓度及氧气浓度数据；通过 D203S 人体热释电传感器识别车内是否有人，若检测到人且任一参数超出阈值（温度超上下限、CO₂/ 有害气体超上限、氧气低于下限），立即触发声光报警；当温度超上限或气体参数异常时，通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机模拟打开车窗，同时通过 SIM900A GSM 模块发送 “车内有人，请速速查看” 短信至预设联系人；支持通过按键手动设置各监测参数的阈值，OLED 显示屏实时显示当前温度、气体浓度及阈值信息，便于驾驶员直观掌握车内环境状态。
该车载防窒息系统的作用在于，构建 “监测 – 识别 – 报警 – 干预” 的全流程安全防护机制：通过多传感器协同监测，精准捕捉车内环境风险；人体识别功能避免误触发，提升系统可靠性；自动开窗与短信报警的双重干预，打破传统被动等待救援的局限，为车内被困人员争取宝贵救援时间；阈值可设置与数据可视化功能，适配不同车型与使用场景需求。整体系统为车辆安全防护提供了主动化、智能化解决方案，有效弥补传统车辆安全配置的不足，为驾乘人员生命安全增添重要保障。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；车载防窒息系统；多参数监测；人体识别；GSM
Design of STM32 vehicle anti suffocation system
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the number of cars and the diversification of usage scenarios, suffocation accidents caused by children or passengers being mistakenly locked in the car have become frequent. High temperature, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of harmful gases have become the main causes of death. Such accidents are often caused by driver negligence, and traditional vehicles lack real-time monitoring and active intervention mechanisms. When discovered, they often miss the best rescue opportunity, posing a serious threat to life safety. Therefore, developing a vehicle mounted anti suffocation system with functions such as personnel identification, multi parameter monitoring, automatic alarm, and active rescue is of urgent practical significance for preventing such safety accidents and ensuring the safety of drivers and passengers.
This design proposes a vehicle anti suffocation system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: detecting whether the driver has left through an infrared obstacle avoidance tube, combining with the relay lock signal triggered by the button, and activating the in car data monitoring mode; Using DS18B20 temperature sensor, SGP30 CO ₂ sensor, MQ-135 harmful gas sensor, and JXM-O2 oxygen sensor, real-time data on the temperature, CO ₂ concentration, harmful gas concentration, and oxygen concentration inside the vehicle are collected; Identify whether there is a person inside the car through the D203S human pyroelectric sensor. If a person is detected and any parameter exceeds the threshold (temperature exceeding the upper and lower limits, CO ₂/harmful gas exceeding the upper limit, oxygen below the lower limit), immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm; When the temperature exceeds the upper limit or the gas parameters are abnormal, simulate the opening of the car window by driving the stepper motor through ULN2003A, and at the same time send a text message of “Someone in the car, please check quickly” to the preset contact person through the SIM900A GSM module; Support manual setting of threshold values for various monitoring parameters through buttons, with real-time display of current temperature, gas concentration, and threshold information on the OLED screen, making it easy for drivers to intuitively grasp the environmental status inside the vehicle.
The function of the in vehicle anti suffocation system is to establish a full process safety protection mechanism of “monitoring identification alarm intervention”: through multi-sensor collaborative monitoring, it accurately captures the environmental risks inside the vehicle; The human recognition function avoids false triggering and improves system reliability; The dual intervention of automatic window opening and SMS alarm breaks the limitations of traditional passive waiting for rescue, and saves valuable rescue time for trapped people in the car; Threshold can be set and data visualization function can be used to adapt to different vehicle models and usage scenarios. The overall system provides proactive and intelligent solutions for vehicle safety protection, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of traditional vehicle safety configurations and adding important guarantees for the safety of drivers and passengers.
Keywords： STM32F103C8T6; Vehicle anti suffocation system; Multi parameter monitoring; Human body recognition; GSM
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障管模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 CO₂检测模块电路设计
3.6 有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.7 氧气检测模块电路设计
3.8 人体热释电模块电路设计
3.9 继电器模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 OLED 显示模块电路设计
3.12 声光报警模块电路设计
3.13 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.14 GSM 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 有害气体检测模块子流程设计
4.5 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.6 氧气检测模块子流程设计
4.7 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.8 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.9 步进电机子流程设计
4.10 发送短信子流程设计
4.11 独立按键子流程设计
4.12 OLED显示屏子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 驾驶员离开检测与锁车触发功能测试
5.3 多参数环境监测与显示功能测试
5.4 人体存在检测与声光报警功能测试
5.5 自动开窗与 GSM 短信报警功能测试
5.6 阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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