设计说明书
总字数：14000+
随着轨道交通行业的飞速发展，列车运行速度的精准监测与安全管控成为保障行车安全的核心环节。列车若出现超速运行且未能得到及时监测与干预，极易引发严重的安全事故，造成重大的人员伤亡与财产损失。因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测列车速度并具备超速报警功能的系统极具必要性。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的列车测速报警系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 KY-003 霍尔模块监测车辆的当前速度；当检测到速度大于设定阈值时，系统立即进行声光报警；借助 OLED 液晶显示模块实时显示车速信息；用户可通过 3 个 KEY 按键设定车速最大值以及调节车速挡位；同时，系统通过 MX1508 直流电机模拟车辆的速度运行状态。
该列车测速报警系统的作用在于，为列车运行提供了一种实时、可靠的速度监测与安全预警工具。通过及时的速度监测和超速报警，能够帮助运营人员有效掌控列车运行速度，提前预防超速事故的发生，切实保障轨道交通的安全运行。
关键词：单片机；列车测速；报警系统；速度监测
Design of Train Speed Measurement and Alarm System
Abstract
With the rapid development of the rail transit industry, accurate monitoring and safety control of train operating speed have become the core link in ensuring driving safety. If a train runs at an overspeed and fails to be monitored and intervened in a timely manner, it is very likely to cause serious safety accidents and result in heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is highly necessary to develop a system that can monitor train speed in real-time and accurately and has an overspeed alarm function.
This design proposes a train speed measurement and alarm system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring the current speed of the vehicle through the KY-003 Hall module; when the detected speed exceeds the set threshold, the system immediately issues an acousto-optic alarm; real-time display of speed information through the OLED liquid crystal display module; users can set the maximum speed and adjust the speed gear through 3 KEY buttons; at the same time, the system simulates the speed operation state of the vehicle through the MX1508 DC motor.
The function of this train speed measurement and alarm system is to provide a real-time and reliable speed monitoring and safety early warning tool for train operation. Through timely speed monitoring and overspeed alarm, it can help operators effectively control the train operating speed, prevent overspeed accidents in advance, and effectively ensure the safe operation of rail transit.
Keywords：Microcontroller; Train speed measurement; Alarm system; Speed monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 速度检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 电机驱动模块电路设计
3.8 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 霍尔模块子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.5 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.6 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 仿真制作与功能测试
5.1 仿真制作
5.2 速度监测及显示功能测试
5.3 按键调节功能测试
5.4 速度模拟功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 速度监测及显示功能测试
6.3 按键调节功能测试
6.4 速度模拟功能测试
6.5 声光报警功能测试
7 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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