设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着道路交通流量的增加，车祸事故发生率居高不下，而事故发生后若无法及时传递现场信息，易延误救援时机，导致伤亡风险与财产损失增加。传统车祸报警依赖人工拨打急救电话，存在信息传递不及时、现场定位不准确等问题，尤其在偏远地区或驾乘人员受伤无法操作时，难以快速启动救援流程。因此，研发一种能自动检测车祸、实时报警并精准定位的智能系统，对提升道路交通安全、缩短救援时间具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能车祸报警系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 FSR402 薄膜压力传感器检测车辆是否发生碰撞，若触发碰撞则启动声光报警；借助 MPU6050 加速度传感器监测车辆姿态，若检测到翻车状态则触发声光报警；仅在碰撞或翻车条件触发后，通过 HC-R04 超声波模块检测前方障碍物，若障碍物过近则持续声光报警；通过 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块获取事故现场精准定位信息；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示碰撞状态、车辆姿态、障碍物距离及定位数据；利用 NB-IOT 模块将事故状态、定位信息等数据发送至手机端，实现远程报警。
该智能车祸报警系统的作用在于，为道路交通安全提供了一种自动、高效的事故预警与信息传递工具。通过多传感器协同检测，可精准识别车祸场景并自动触发报警，避免人工操作延误；实时定位与手机端数据传输，能让救援人员快速获取事故现场信息，缩短救援响应时间，有效降低车祸事故的二次伤害风险，保障驾乘人员生命安全。
关键词：单片机；智能车祸报警系统；碰撞检测；姿态监测；GPS 定位
Intelligent car accident alarm system based on single-chip microcomputer
Abstract
With the increase of road traffic flow, the incidence of car accidents remains high. If the on-site information cannot be transmitted in a timely manner after the accident occurs, it is easy to delay the rescue opportunity, leading to an increase in the risk of casualties and property losses. Traditional car accident reporting relies on manual dialing of emergency numbers, which has problems such as delayed information transmission and inaccurate on-site positioning. Especially in remote areas or when drivers and passengers are injured and unable to operate, it is difficult to quickly initiate rescue procedures. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that can automatically detect car accidents, provide real-time alarms, and accurately locate them is of great significance for improving road traffic safety and shortening rescue time.
This design proposes an intelligent car accident alarm system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting whether the vehicle has collided through the FSR402 thin film pressure sensor, and triggering an audible and visual alarm if a collision is triggered; Using the MPU6050 accelerometer to monitor vehicle posture, if a rollover condition is detected, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered; Only after triggering collision or rollover conditions, the HC-R04 ultrasonic module detects obstacles ahead. If the obstacle is too close, it will continue to sound and light an alarm; Obtain precise location information of the accident site through the ATGM332D-5N GPS module; Real time display of collision status, vehicle posture, obstacle distance, and positioning data through OLED display screen; Using the NB-IOT module to send accident status, location information, and other data to the mobile phone for remote alarm.
The function of this intelligent car accident alarm system is to provide an automatic and efficient accident warning and information transmission tool for road traffic safety. Through multi-sensor collaborative detection, it is possible to accurately identify car accident scenes and automatically trigger alarms, avoiding delays in manual operations; Real time positioning and mobile data transmission enable rescue personnel to quickly obtain accident scene information, shorten rescue response time, effectively reduce the risk of secondary injury in car accidents, and ensure the safety of drivers and passengers.
Keywords： microcontroller; Intelligent car accident alarm system; Collision detection; Attitude monitoring; GPS positioning
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 碰撞检测模块电路设计
3.4 姿态监测模块电路设计
3.5 障碍物检测模块电路设计
3.6 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 NB-IOT 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示流程设计
4.4 薄膜压力检测模块子流程设计
4.5 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.6 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.7 GPS模块子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.9 NB-IOT模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 碰撞检测与声光报警功能测试
5.3 翻车检测与声光报警功能测试
5.4 障碍物检测与联动报警功能测试
5.5 GPS 定位功能测试
5.6 OLED 显示功能测试
5.7 NB-IOT 数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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