设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量的不断增加，车载人员滞留引发的安全事故日益受到关注。尤其是儿童或宠物不慎被滞留车内时，车内温度骤升、有害气体浓度升高，可能在短时间内危及生命，因此研发一种能实时监测车载人员滞留并及时预警的系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的车载人员滞留监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 D203S 人体热释电传感器检测车内是否存在滞留人员；借助 DS18B20 温度传感器实时监测车内环境温度；通过 SGP30 传感器与 MQ-7 传感器分别检测车内 CO₂浓度与 CO 浓度；用户可通过按键自行设置温度、CO₂浓度及 CO 浓度的安全阈值；通过 OLED 显示模块实时显示车内人员检测状态、环境温度、CO₂浓度与 CO 浓度数值；当检测到车内存在滞留人员，且车内温度超出设定上下限、CO₂浓度或 CO 浓度超过设定上限值时，系统立即启动声光报警，同时通过 ULN2003A 驱动四相五线步进电机模拟打开车窗，此外还会通过 GSM（SIM900A）模块发送短信至预设联系人，实现远程报警。
该车载人员滞留监测系统的作用在于，为车载人员安全提供了多维度的实时保障。通过精准监测与多途径报警，能够在发现人员滞留风险时迅速响应，有效避免因车内环境恶化导致的安全事故，为用户出行安全增添重要防护屏障，提升用车安全系数。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；车载人员滞留；多传感器检测；声光报警；远程短信报警
Vehicle Personnel Retention System
Abstract
With the continuous increase in the number of cars, safety accidents caused by stranded passengers in vehicles are increasingly receiving attention. Especially when children or pets are accidentally stranded in the car, the temperature inside the car suddenly rises and the concentration of harmful gases increases, which may endanger life in a short period of time. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor the presence of passengers in the car in real time and provide timely warnings is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a vehicle personnel detention monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the presence of stranded personnel in the vehicle through the D203S human pyroelectric sensor; Real time monitoring of the ambient temperature inside the vehicle using DS18B20 temperature sensor; Detect the concentration of CO ₂ and CO inside the vehicle using SGP30 sensor and MQ-7 sensor, respectively; Users can set temperature, CO ₂ concentration, and CO concentration safety thresholds by pressing buttons; Real time display of personnel detection status, ambient temperature, CO ₂ concentration, and CO concentration values in the vehicle through OLED display module; When a stranded person is detected in the car, and the temperature inside the car exceeds the set upper and lower limits, CO ₂ concentration or CO concentration exceeds the set upper limit, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm. At the same time, it drives a four phase five wire stepper motor through ULN2003A to simulate opening the car window. In addition, it sends a text message to the preset contact person through the GSM (SIM900A) module to achieve remote alarm.
The purpose of the onboard personnel detention monitoring system is to provide multi-dimensional real-time protection for the safety of onboard personnel. Through precise monitoring and multiple channels of alarm, it is possible to quickly respond when the risk of personnel being stranded is detected, effectively avoiding safety accidents caused by deteriorating in car environments, adding important protective barriers to user travel safety, and improving the safety factor of vehicle use.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Vehicle occupants stranded; Multi sensor detection; Sound and light alarm; Remote SMS alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
2.2.6 远程通信模块方案选择
2.2.7 按键模块方案选择
2.2.8 声光报警模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 人体检测模块电路设计
3.4 环境参数监测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 车窗控制模块电路设计
3.9 远程通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程
4.4 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.5 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.6 一氧化碳检测模块子流程设计
4.7 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.8 步进电机子流程设计
4.9 独立按键
4.10 OLED显示流程设计
4.11 GSM模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人员与环境参数监测及显示功能测试
5.3 有人且温度异常处理功能测试
5.4 有人且 CO 异常处理功能测试
5.5 有人且 CO₂异常处理功能测试
5.6 阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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