设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着现代出行频率的提升，人们对行李箱的安全性、便捷性与智能化需求日益增长。传统行李箱仅具备储物功能，存在行李超重难察觉、丢失后难定位、开锁方式单一等问题，不仅影响出行体验，还可能造成财产损失。尤其在长途旅行、商务出行场景中，对行李箱重量监测、实时定位及安全开锁的需求更为迫切，因此研发一款集成多重智能功能的行李箱十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能行李箱。系统主要功能包括：通过 HX711 重量传感器实时测量行李箱重量，重量数据经 4G 模块（Air780e）上传至手机 APP，方便用户实时掌握行李重量，避免超重；通过 GPS 模块（ATGM332D-5N）获取行李箱实时经纬度，手机 APP 可同步查看位置信息，助力丢失后快速找回；手机 APP 支持一键触发声光报警，便于在密集环境中快速识别行李箱位置；开锁方式支持双重保障，既可用 AS608 指纹模块录入 / 验证指纹开锁，也可通过手机 APP 一键控制继电器模拟开锁，APP 内还设有添加 / 删除指纹功能；行李箱内置 USB 充电口，可外接手机等设备进行充电，满足出行应急供电需求。
该智能行李箱为现代出行提供了安全、便捷的解决方案，通过重量监测、实时定位、智能开锁与应急充电功能，全方位提升出行体验，有效解决传统行李箱的使用痛点，为用户财产安全与出行便捷提供可靠保障。
关键词：单片机；智能行李箱；重量监测；GPS 定位；指纹开锁
Intelligent luggage based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the increasing frequency of modern travel, people’s demand for the safety, convenience, and intelligence of luggage is growing day by day. Traditional luggage only has storage function, which leads to problems such as difficulty in detecting overweight luggage, difficulty in locating lost luggage, and a single unlocking method. This not only affects the travel experience but may also cause property damage. Especially in long-distance travel and business travel scenarios, the demand for luggage weight monitoring, real-time positioning, and secure unlocking is more urgent. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a luggage with integrated multiple intelligent functions.
This design proposes an intelligent luggage compartment based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time measurement of luggage weight through HX711 weight sensor, weight data uploaded to the mobile app through 4G module (Air780e), convenient for users to grasp the weight of luggage in real time and avoid overweight; Real time longitude and latitude of the luggage can be obtained through the GPS module (ATGM332D-5N), and the mobile app can synchronously view the location information to help quickly retrieve lost luggage; The mobile app supports one click triggering of sound and light alarms, making it easy to quickly identify the location of luggage in dense environments; The unlocking method supports dual protection, which can be achieved by using the AS608 fingerprint module to input/verify fingerprints for unlocking, or by controlling the relay with one click through the mobile app to simulate unlocking. The app also has the function of adding/deleting fingerprints; The luggage is equipped with a built-in USB charging port, which can be used to charge external devices such as mobile phones, meeting the emergency power supply needs for travel.
This smart luggage provides a safe and convenient solution for modern travel. Through weight monitoring, real-time positioning, intelligent unlocking, and emergency charging functions, it comprehensively enhances the travel experience, effectively solves the pain points of traditional luggage use, and provides reliable protection for users’ property safety and travel convenience.
Keywords：microcontroller; Smart luggage; Weight monitoring; GPS positioning; Fingerprint unlocking
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 HX711 重量传感器模块电路设计
3.4 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块电路设计
3.5 AS608 指纹模块电路设计
3.6 Air780e 4G 模块电路设计
3.7 继电器开锁模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 USB 充电模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 称重模块子流程设计
4.4 指纹模块子流程设计
4.5 GPS模块子流程设计
4.6 4G模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 重量监测与 4G 数据上传功能测试
5.3 GPS 定位与 APP 位置查看功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 智能开锁功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序